High School Social Studies Alaska Standards

Religion and Society

Tribal, State, and Federal Government

Manifest Destiny

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Change, Continuity, and Context

Tribal Conceptions

Geography of Alaska

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Resources and Statehood

Permanent Fund

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Federal Impact

Participation and Deliberation

Colonialism and Western Expansion

Historical Thinking

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Significant Persons

Perspectives

Land

Colonial Legacy

Perspectives

Colonial Assimilation

Claims and Stewardship

Change, Continuity, and Context

Decision‐Making and Personal Finance

Colonial Decline

ANCSA

Perspectives

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

The Myth of the Last Frontier

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Alaska Economies: State, Local, and Tribal

Tribal Sovereignty

Alaska’s Land and People

Colonialism and Western Expansion

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

The National Economy

Alaska and the World

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Claims and Stewardship

Alaska Government

Markets

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Civil Rights

Land and People

Land and People

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Geography of Alaska

Alaskan History

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Alaska’s Economy

Climate Change

Natural Resource Development

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Conceptions of Resources

Historical Thinking

Historical Thinking

“The Last Frontier”

Change, Continuity, and Context

Land and People

Claims and Stewardship

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Change and Sustainability

Perspectives

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Ethnic, Cultural, and Identity Studies

Epidemics and Society

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Elections

Federal Relations with Indigenous People

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Change, Continuity, and Context

Alaska Constitution

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Claims and Stewardship

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Change, Continuity, and Context

Alaskan Industry

Federal Impact

Alaska and the World

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Resource Management

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Land Claims Throughout Time

Civics and Government

Claims and Stewardship

Change, Continuity, and Context

Statehood

Alaska’s Governments

Effects of Manifest Destiny

Federal Impact

Federal Relations with Indigenous People

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Resource Stewardship Throughout Time

Alaska and the World

Perspectives

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Civic Responsibility

Change, Continuity, and Context

Federal Role

Resistance and Reform

Analyze the geopolitical importance of Alaska’s strategic location in the circumpolar north.

Assess how natural and human‐made environmental changes affect the sustainability of contemporary and traditional practices.

Use evidence to document and explain the development and evolution of Alaska Native societies and cultures.

Examine the immediate and long‐term impacts of epidemics throughout Alaska’s history.

Understand and contextualize the various perspectives on the peopling of Alaska before contact with the West.

Explain the reciprocal relationships between Alaska’s geography and the development of Alaska Native societies, including the role and importance of Alaska Native place names.

Examine how conceptions and definitions of Tribal affiliations have shifted over time.

Evaluate the role of significant individuals across different eras of Alaska’s history.

Cite and compare historical arguments about the purchase of Alaska from Indigenous, Russian, and American perspectives.

Assess the cultural‐ political development of Alaska’s Indigenous societies as a means of thriving on the land and its resources.

Compare and contrast Indigenous, Russian, and American understandings of land claims and land stewardship.

Analyze the social, political, cultural, and economic issues that emerged from the initial Russian and European contact in Alaska.

Analyze the role of the federal government’s claims to Alaska’s lands for military use, resources, trade, and infrastructure over time.

Analyze the legal contexts of Alaska’s Land Claims Settlement Act and the long‐term effects of it on Indigenous Tribal societies and governments.

Compare and contrast Indigenous and Western understandings of resources.

Analyze the environmental changes that have resulted from resource extraction from Alaska.

Develop a claim using evidence from multiple sources and perspectives about the relationship between Alaska’s geopolitical importance and the exploitation of Alaska’s resources.

Explain the relationship between modern migration events and the development of major industries in Alaska.

Develop a claim using multiple sources and perspectives about the United States’ goals in relation to resource extraction in Alaska.

Explain the significance and impact of various Tribal, corporate, state, and federal policies on resource stewardship in Alaska.

Examine the economic, social, cultural, and political developments resulting from the common ownership of Alaska’s oil and natural resources.

Assess the ongoing effects of changing climate on Alaska’s landscapes and societies.

Develop a claim using multiple sources and perspectives explaining how specific policies or issues in Alaska are a result of the legacy of western expansion.

Analyze the social, political, cultural, and economic issues that emerged as a result of colonial rule in Alaska.

Develop a claim using a variety of sources and perspectives about how the intent and outcomes of colonial assimilationist policies have had an impact on Alaskan cultural identities.

Compare and contrast the political and economic developments leading to the colonization of Alaska.

Identify the causes of decline in colonial rule throughout Alaska’s history.

Identify the impacts of missionaries and missionary activity throughout Alaska’s history.

Evaluate the efficacy of formal and informal colonial policies, their effects on Sovereign Tribal Nations’ ability to self‐govern, and Alaska Native resistance efforts to preserve Tribal sovereignty.

Examine Alaska’s electoral system and the responsibilities of individuals within the system.

Analyze how Alaskans have challenged the status quo from the colonial era through today to gain protection of their civil rights and build long‐term survival of their communities.

Evaluate Alaskans’ arguments for self‐determination and full citizenship rights through the statehood movement.

Define sovereignty and explore how Tribal sovereignty has been defended over time by Indigenous communities to gain protection of Tribal rights and build long‐term survival of Tribal affairs.

Compare and contrast Tribal constitutions, the Alaska State Constitution, the Federal Constitution, and Alaska Native corporations as created by ANCSA.

Identify federal, state, Tribal, and local powers, and explore the student’s personal role in their local community by taking informed action.

Explain how the Alaska Constitution organizes government power, protects rights, and includes features unique to Alaska.

Explain the significance and impact of various court cases, legal documents, and laws on Alaska.

Identify Alaska’s markets and industries and analyze their impact on Alaska’s economy.

Examine the causes and consequences of Alaska’s boom‐and‐bust economy.

Identify Tribal and Western concepts of land ownership and how acting upon those concepts contributes to changes in land use, stewardship, and control.

Analyze the role of the federal government in Alaska’s economy and maintenance of Alaska’s infrastructure.

Explain how elements of state, Tribal, and local economies have developed in response to Alaska’s role as a resource developer.

Describe how Alaska’s place in the circumpolar north has long‐ term implications on its economic role in the global development of industries, travel, and trade.

Compare and contrast the perspectives of sport, commercial, and subsistence users on Tribal, state, and federal policies regarding fish and game management.

Explain the significance of natural resources in major political developments throughout Alaska’s history.

Describe the formation of ANCSA Corporations (Regional Corporations), the outcomes of resource sharing, and their impacts on Alaska’s economy.

Explain the creation of the Permanent Fund and Permanent Fund Dividend and how it continues to impact the state economically, politically, and socially.

Evaluate the ways in which the United States acquired new territories, including purchases, forced relocation, treaties, annexation, and war.

Analyze why and how Indigenous peoples resisted U.S. territorial expansion.

Explain the relationship that was developed between federal, state, and Tribal governments through treaties, court decisions, and land acquisition statutes.

Evaluate the efficacy of formal U.S. policies of expansion, their effects on Sovereign Tribal Nations’ ability to self‐govern, and Indigenous resistance efforts to preserve Tribal sovereignty.

Examine Indigenous political systems pre‐contact and explain changes and adaptations due to colonialism and Western influence.

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Create a claim using multiple sources and perspectives analyzing the relationship between rights and responsibilities of members of a representative democracy.

Interpret founding documents and evaluate their impact on the rights and responsibilities of members of a representative democracy.

Plan and demonstrate ways in which engaged citizens can effect change in their tribe, community, state, nation, or world.

Evaluate citizens’ and institutions’ effectiveness in addressing social and political problems at the local, state, Tribal, national, and international levels.

Examine the intersection of personal views, civic virtues, and democratic principles and their impact on constitutional and human rights.

Apply elements of civic discourse in the classroom and in the broader community.

Recognize historic inequalities in the United States and Alaska and evaluate proposed solutions to correct them.

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Explain the philosophies, ideals, processes, and documents that the Constitution was based upon to create a representative democracy.

Examine how the concept of citizenship has been used to expand or deny rights to various groups throughout U.S. history.

Compare and contrast various political philosophies and how they form various types of governments.

Analyze the U.S. Constitution and explain how it incorporates the principles of the rule of law, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, and limited government.

Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of local, state, Indigenous, Tribal, national, and international civic and political institutions.

Take a position based on evidence about the purpose, processes, strengths, and weaknesses of the structure of the U.S. government.

Evaluate efforts to adapt and redesign the U.S. Constitution and political institutions over time.

Formulate an informed opinion and engage in productive discourse on how we balance individual liberties and public good.

Evaluate citizens’ and institutions’ effectiveness in addressing social and political problems at the local, state, Tribal, national, and/or international levels.

Identify overlapping forms of citizenship and noncitizenship that people can hold in the United States.

Participation and Deliberation

Evaluate how fundamental U.S. principles have been interpreted over time and how they currently shape policy debates.

Use data and evidence to determine how bias in the media impacts political participation.

Use strategies to evaluate current event sources for bias and identify noncredible sources.

Evaluate the effects of political socialization on developing and maintaining political ideologies within the United States.

Evaluate the effectiveness of political action in changing government systems and policy.

Use civic virtues to deliberate on and discuss solutions to core conflicts in representative democracy.

Using data and evidence, examine influences on and barriers to voter participation and voter behavior.

Examine different electoral systems in the United States and explain how to register to vote.

Develop a position regarding the most effective electoral system at the local, Tribal, state, or national level based on evidence from multiple sources and perspectives.

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Evaluate procedures for making governmental decisions at the local, Tribal, state, national, and international levels in terms of the civic purposes achieved through the decision‐making process.

Evaluate the way that the United States’ founding principles and constitutional structures have influenced federal Indian policy and the relationship with Tribal governments over time.

Research multiple sources and perspectives to assess how the United States conducts itself in international and Tribal relations and how those relations affect U.S. domestic policy.

Evaluate the degree to which the United States affects and is affected by geopolitics and international economics.

Develop claims using evidence that explain how people use and challenge local, Tribal, state, national, and international laws to address a variety of public issues.

Evaluate public policies in terms of intended and unintended outcomes and related consequences.

Discuss the methods used to change societies, promote the common good, and protect civil and human rights.

Evaluate the impact the U.S. justice system has had over time on policy, society, economics, and individual rights.

Examine the role of the three branches of government concerning the creation, implementation, and interpretation of laws and policies.

Examine the role that the media has in government oversight as well as in the creation, implementation, and interpretation of laws and policies.

Explain the significance and impact of landmark Supreme Court cases.

Evaluate the way that the United States’ founding principles and constitutional structures have influenced foreign policy over time.

Alaska’s Governments

Explain how the Alaska constitution creates a system of government with three branches, limited powers, and federalism, and evaluate the unique features of Alaska’s constitution.

Evaluate the efficacy of Alaska’s government and political systems in meeting the needs of Alaska’s diverse population.

Investigate avenues for informed action including at the local, Tribal, state, and national levels.

Take informed action to create and implement solutions to a local issue, incorporating perspectives from local experts.

Identify and evaluate the contributions of Alaskans who have played a role in promoting civic virtues and founding principles.

Evaluate the historic and ongoing impact of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) on Alaskans and the governance of Alaska.

Evaluate the role of natural resources and resource development on the development of Alaska’s government.

Express the unique challenges in governing Alaska due to its geography.

Compare and contrast the services provided by local, state, and Tribal governments.

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

Compare and contrast market, command, and traditional economies.

Articulate the government’s role in market economies when market inequities and/or inefficiencies occur, including historical actions.

Assess the possible consequences and impacts of government policies on the economy.

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of market, command, and traditional economies.

Critique inequities in different economic systems.

Explain the roles of buyers and sellers in product, labor, and financial markets.

Describe the role of competition in the determination of prices and wages in a market economy.

Describe the consequences of competition in specific markets.

Explain how externalities (both positive and negative) influence the market.

Compare and contrast private and public sector roles in a market economy.

Explain the various roles that governments play in the market.

Decision‐Making and Personal Finance

Explain the various types of currency.

Evaluate options for payment on credit cards and the consequences of each option.

Describe how a credit score impacts the ability to borrow money and at what rate.

Calculate the total cost of repaying a loan under various rates of interest and over different time periods.

Explain various types of insurance and the purpose of using insurance to protect financial interests.

Examine the opportunities for earning income, including wages/salaries, commissions, benefits, asset development, and dividends.

Relate the way that intangible job benefits can affect a person’s personal life, career choices, and income.

Identify different types of jobs, career sectors, business and nonprofit development opportunities, and other opportunities to personally contribute in the economic workforce.

Calculate tax contributions to local, state, and federal governments and describe the benefits that the taxes may provide to individual and societal structures.

Assess the economic advantages of saving in a personal account and other long‐ and short‐term investment accounts.

Assess the effects of inflation on a personal finance portfolio, including the effects on income, spending, and saving.

Investigate ways that personal information is fraudulently obtained.

Prepare a budget or spending plan that depicts varying sources of income, a planned saving strategy, taxes, and other sources of fixed and variable spending.

The National Economy

Use current data to explain the influence of changes in spending, production, and the money supply on various economic conditions.

Use economic indicators to analyze the current and future state of the economy.

Evaluate how fiscal and monetary policy choices have economic consequences for different stakeholders in a variety of economic conditions.

Explain how the relationship between capital investments and the means of production contribute to the size and development of national economies.

Use economic indicators and data to analyze the health of the U.S. economy in relation to other countries.

Evaluate how foreign and domestic issues have contributed to U.S. economic growth and contraction over time.

Examine the impact of government policies or regulations experienced by a variety of markets, including individuals, businesses, communities, and states.

The Global Economy

Explain the role of specialization in the development of international trade and partnerships between countries.

Explain how current globalization trends and policies affect economic growth, labor markets, rights of citizens, the environment, and resource and income distribution in different nations.

Explain how economic conditions and policies in one nation increasingly affect economic conditions and policies in other nations.

Develop claims about why a country might or might not participate in global trade.

Examine the short‐ and long‐term effects of trade agreements on the participating nations.

Construct an evidence‐based argument evaluating how global interdependence impacts individuals, institutions, and societies.

Alaska Economies: State, Local, and Tribal

Explain the impact of common resource ownership and resource management on Alaska’s economy.

Develop a claim for the management of the Permanent Fund using evidence to support its impact on Alaska’s economy.

Explain the relationship between the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation and the Permanent Fund Dividend.

Compare and contrast the state tax structures of Alaska with other states.

Evaluate the effects on local and state economies that would result in increases and decreases in state taxes on resource development.

Compare and contrast the varying points of view and opinions regarding global and federal factors in Alaska’s resource management, such as increases in global supply.

Describe the economic differences between ANCSA regional and local village corporations and Tribal and local governments.

Construct an argument about the benefits and/or drawbacks of the profit‐sharing structure of ANCSA regional corporations.

Evaluate the impact of Tribal, local, state, and federal governmental policies on the economic well‐being of Alaska citizens.

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Assess the reciprocal relationship between the physical environment and culture within local, national, and global scales.

Examine how differing cultural conceptions of the relationship between humans and the environment can influence and be impacted by political and economic decision‐making.

Analyze relationships and interactions within and between human and physical systems.

Analyze how the forces of cooperation and conflict within and among people, nations, and empires influence the division and control of Earth’s surface and resources.

Assess how human‐imposed and natural borders have influenced cultural identity, resource management, and economic and political decision‐making over time and across local‐to‐global scales.

Assess how social, economic, political, and environmental developments at the global, national, regional, and local levels affect the sustainability of modern and traditional cultures.

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Evaluate how change in the environmental and cultural characteristics of a place or region influence spatial patterns of trade and land use.

Evaluate how economic globalization and the expanding use of scarce resources contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among countries.

Examine the impact of global interconnections on the physical environment and culture on local, state, and national scales.

Evaluate the consequences of human‐made and natural long‐ and short‐term catastrophes on global trade, politics, and human migration.

Geographic Representations and Reasoning

Create maps to display and explain the spatial patterns of culture and environment.

Use maps, satellite images, photographs, and other representations to explain the relationships between the locations of places and regions and their political, cultural, and economic dynamics.

Apply geographic knowledge and geospatial skills to interpret the past and present to make informed decisions.

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Explain the causes, characteristics, and impact of human movement (migration, immigration, emigration) and settlement patterns at the local, national, and global scales.

Evaluate the causes, characteristics, and impact of diffusion: the spread of ideas, beliefs, language, technologies, and diseases over time.

Evaluate the influence of long‐term climate variability on human migration and settlement patterns, resource use, and land uses at local‐to‐global scales.

Geography of Alaska

Compare and contrast geographic regions of Alaska.

Examine the reciprocal relationship between Alaska Native peoples and Alaska’s environment.

Create maps to display and explain the spatial patterns of culture and environment in a student’s community and region.

Compare and contrast cultural conceptions and spatial patterns between rural and urban areas of Alaska.

Examine how different conceptions of resources and resource management have influenced major political and economic decisions in Alaska.

Examine how national and international economic and political decisions impact Alaska’s environment.

Assess how human‐imposed and natural borders have influenced Alaska’s cultural identities, resource development, and economic and political decision‐making.

Develop Questions and Plan Inquiries

Construct compelling questions representing key ideas of the disciplines.

Construct supporting questions that address key ideas identified in compelling questions.

Explain points of agreement and disagreement that experts have about the interpretation and application of ideas associated with a compelling question.

Critique compelling questions that reflect an enduring issue in the field.

Evaluate Sources and Evidence

Gather relevant information from multiple sources and types of sources representing a wide range of views while using the origin, authority, structure, context, and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection.

Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining how experts value the source.

Evaluate the credibility of an expert.

Recognize how expertise is developed from multiple ways of knowing.

Recognize author or expert bias.

Develop Claims

Develop a defensible claim using evidence from multiple sources and perspectives.

Revise and strengthen claims by identifying inconsistencies in evidence.

Address counterclaims by conceding, qualifying, or modifying the argument based on the strengths and limitations of the evidence.

Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims from multiple sources and perspectives.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions

Tailor the argument to the audience.

Present adaptations of arguments and explanations that feature evocative ideas and perspectives on issues and topics to reach a range of audiences and venues outside the classroom in print, digital, and oral mediums.

Evaluate the credibility and relevance of arguments by critiquing their claims and evidence.

Critique the use of the reasoning, sequencing, and supporting details of explanations.

Revise ideas based on new knowledge and feedback.

Utilize storytelling to effectively communicate historical, social, cultural, and political ideas.

Share personal views with the intent of promoting mutual understanding and productive, nonhostile speech.

Listen to understand.

Informed Civic Discourse and Engagement

Identify local, regional, and/or global problems by using varying perspectives and ways of knowing.

Honor and acknowledge varying perspectives when engaging in civil discourse about problems or issues by using logic, persuasion, evidence, information, and argumentation.

Examine the historical context of issues to explain the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address them.

Engage in public and reflective conversations about civic challenges and issues in order to extend understanding with varying perspectives.

Apply a range of deliberative strategies and procedures to make decisions and propose feasible solutions to address local, regional, and/or global concerns.

Create and implement solutions to a local issue incorporating perspectives from local experts.

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

Change, Continuity, and Context

Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

Historical Thinking

Perspectives

Change, Continuity, and Context

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Historical Thinking

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Gilded Age

Reconstruction

Progressive Era

Perspectives

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

The Failure of Reconstruction

Modern Connections to the End of Slavery

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

Historical Thinking

Perspectives

Historical Thinking

Alaskan History

Change, Continuity, and Context

Changing Transportation

Rights, Liberties, and Conflict

Domestic Challenges

Causes of the Great Depression

Change, Continuity, and Context

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Origin of the Cold War

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Change, Continuity, and Context

Change, Continuity, and Context

The Market Revolution

Effects of Manifest Destiny

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Federal Relations with Indigenous People

Technology

WWII Domestic Policies

Historical Sources and Evidence

Historical Sources and Evidence

Early Industrialization

Historical Thinking

Historical Thinking

Perspectives

Cold War: Time Period: 1945 CE–1991 CE

Slavery

Oppression After the War

Emergence as a Global Power: Time Period: 1918 CE–1945 CE

Causes ofther Civil War

Imperialism

Challenges to Democracy

Social Activism

Historical Thinking

End of the Civil War

Change, Continuity, and Context

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Mexican‐American War

The Civil War and Reconstruction: Time Period: 1837 CE–1877 CE

Emancipation Proclamation

Cold War Containment at Home

Changing Demographics

Sectionalism

Purchase of Alaska

American Isolationism After WWI

Rights, Liberties, and Conflict

Historical Sources and Evidence

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Ethnic, Cultural, and Identity Studies

Cold War Containment Abroad

Change, Continuity, and Context

Perspectives

Changing Technology

Perspectives

The National Economy

Perspectives

Historical Thinking

New Movements, New Voices

The New Deal

Slavery

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Change, Continuity, and Context

Conservative Movement Development

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Change, Continuity, and Context

Social Reform Movements

Ethnic, Cultural, and Identity Studies

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Perspectives

Historical Thinking

The Western Campaign

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Conflict at Home and Abroad: Time Period: 1877 CE–1920 CE

The National Economy

Causes of World War II (WWII) Involvement

Alaska Government

The National Economy

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Manifest Destiny

Global Challenges

Modern Civil Rights Movements, Power Movements, and the Rise of Modern Politics: Time Period: 1954 CE–Present

Effects of Immigration

Civil Rights Legislation and Action

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Change, Continuity, and Context

The National Economy

Border States

United States in the Global Age: Time Period: 1991 CE–Present

Effects of the Great Depression

Historical Thinking

Federal Relations with Indigenous People

Economic Struggles of Reconstruction

The National Economy

Atomic Weapons

The Roaring ’20s

Change, Continuity, and Context

Perspectives

Manifest Destiny and Indian Removal: Time Period: 1815 CE–1860 CE

Other Impacts of the Cold War

Assimilation Experiences

Historical Thinking

Anti‐War and Counterculture Movements

Participation and Deliberation

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal and the Changing Role of Government

U.S. Role in WWII Turning Points

Historical Thinking

Cultural Identity

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Holocaust Impacts in the U.S.

Change, Continuity, and Context

Change, Continuity, and Context

World War I

Historical Thinking

Effects of Conservatism

The United Nations

Perspectives

Perspectives

Participation and Deliberation

Processes, Rules, and Laws

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Great Society Programs and Reforms

Historical Thinking

Identify the conditions that gave rise to the market revolution, and evaluate its impacts on labor conflicts and divisions over slavery.

Analyze how economic growth and industrialization transformed daily life.

Evaluate the waysin which the United States acquired new territories, including purchases, forced relocation, treaties, annexation, and war.

Analyze why and how Indigenous peoples resisted U.S. territorial expansion.

Identify and explain the economic, social, and political differences between the North, South, and West.

Compare and contrast Indigenous and Hispanic peoples’ experiences with assimilation and other immigrants’ experiences as part of expansion across the territorial United States.

Understand and contextualize different approaches to territorial expansion by the federal government.

Explain the significance of the purchase of Alaska in relation to lingering ideas of Manifest Destiny.

Explain the relationship that was developed between federal, state, and Tribal governments through treaties, court decisions, and land acquisition statutes.

Evaluate the efficacy of formal U.S. policies of expansion, their effects on Sovereign Tribal Nations’ ability to self‐govern, and Indigenous resistance efforts to preserve Tribal sovereignty.

Examine Indigenous political systems pre‐contact and explain changes and adaptations due to colonialism and Western influence.

Explain how innovations in transportation, communication, and production reshaped American society.

Explain how Union Army strategies, the end of slavery, and socioeconomic changes at the end of the Civil War led to an economic depression in the southeastern United States.

Explain the role of border states and territories in the U.S. Civil War.

Explain ways in which enslaved people survived within and resisted their enslavement.

Develop a claim using evidence from a variety of sources and perspectives about how conflicts over enslavement led the North and South to war.

Explain the impact of the Western Campaign on Indigenous peoples.

Explore and demonstrate the contemporary and current significance of Juneteenth.

Explain the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation and determine its contemporary purpose and current significance.

Identify the economic, social, and political conditions that led to the persistence of the institution of slavery in the American South as it was outlawed in other states and countries.

Use evidence to explain the development of cultures and identities within groups facing discrimination and oppression.

Analyze the major factors that determined the outcome of the Civil War.

Explain how the Civil War and Reconstruction created demographic shifts in the United States.

Examine the outcomes of the religious and utopian movements that flourished around the Second Great Awakening.

Examine the outcomes of 19th‐century reform movements.

Describe how white supremacist groups in the United States arose with the intention of maintaining the oppression of specific groups through informal institutions.

Investigate how identity groups and society address systemic inequity through individual actions; individual champions; social movements; and local community, national, and global advocacy.

Use primary and secondary sources to contextualize and explain how the political, economic, and social position of Black people changed during Reconstruction.

Explain the impact of significant legislation and judicial precedents in formally perpetuating legal oppression.

Read and interpret primary and secondary sources to examine the role assimilation plays in the loss of cultural, ethnic, racial, and religious identities and language.

Analyze the strategies of Black people, Indigenous people, and people of color to achieve basic civil rights in the early 20th century.

Analyze how ideologies of the progressive movement impacted Indigenous people in the United States.

Evaluate wartime restrictions on civil liberties.

Examine the economic, social, and political impacts of industrialization in the 1870s.

Analyze the factors that enabled the United States to become an imperial power.

Explain how massive immigration after 1870 led to new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity that developed amid growing cultural diversity.

Compare and contrast the perspectives of monopolists and labor unions about the best way to improve society.

Evaluate the inclusivity and exclusivity of Progressive Era reform movements.

Examine ways in which art, journalism, and literature impacted imperialist and anti‐imperialist movements.

Evaluate major reform movements and reformers during the Progressive Era.

Analyze the campaign for, and the opposition to, women’s suffrage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Evaluate the effects of U.S. foreign policy in Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific.

Analyze the economic, social, and political impacts of imperialism on people at home and abroad.

Distinguish between the long‐term causes and triggering events that led to the United States entering World War I.

Examine ways in which Progressives and others addressed problems of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and political corruption.

Analyze the governmental policies of the Progressive period, determine which problems they were designed to solve, and assess their long‐ and short‐term effectiveness.

Identify the conditions that gave rise to the internment of Japanese Americans and the Unangax people during the war and assess the implications for civil liberties.

Examine the suppression of civil liberties and human rights during times of conflict and war, past and present.

Assess how innovations in transportation, communication, and finance changed American society.

Analyze how the decline in production and spending affected Americans during the Great Depression.

Compare rival perspectives on economic, social, and religious conflicts in the 1920s.

Analyze the cultural contributions of modernism, the Harlem Renaissance, and the New Woman.

Assess the social, political, and economic transformation of the United States during WWII.

Use primary sources and varying perspectives to analyze how the Holocaust shifted American perceptions and policies regarding civil liberties and human rights.

Analyze the reasons for American isolationism and internationalism in the interwar period and their effects on international relations and foreign policy.

Explain the global context of the Great Depression and the reasons for the worldwide economic collapse.

Analyze the conditions and policies that led to the Great Depression.

Examine the impact of the Great Depression on the American family and on ethnic and racial minorities.

Assess the impact and legacy of New Deal relief, recovery, and reform programs on Black people, Indigenous people, and people of color.

Explain the historical developments and policies that resulted in the United States entering WWII.

Evaluate the decision to employ nuclear weapons against Japan and assess its long‐term impacts.

Analyze the role of the United States in the outcome of WWII in the European and the Pacific theaters.

Explain the purposes and organization of the United Nations.

Analyze the impact of Cold War rhetoric and ideology on social movements and activists in the United States.

Explain how political ideology shaped the postwar order and led to the Soviet‐U.S. arms race.

Analyze how U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War shaped conflicts in Asia and the Americas.

Analyze other economic and social impacts of the Cold War on the United States.

Evaluate the impact of Great Society‐era policies in addressing economic, social, and environmental conditions.

Investigate how identity groups and society address chronic inequity through individual actions; individual champions; social movements; and local community, national, and global advocacy.

Analyze the rise of modern conservatism in the United States.

Evaluate the effectiveness of civil rights organizations and actions in overcoming racial segregation.

Assess the impact of student movements and the counterculture on American politics and society.

Construct an argument using a variety of sources and perspectives explaining why efforts to expand civil rights were more successful at achieving change than in previous years or eras.

Assess the social and political impact of conservatism in the United States.

Analyze U.S. responses to global challenges and crises.

Analyze some of the major technological and social trends and issues of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Analyze the current state and health of U.S. democracy in a global context.

Evaluate popular and government responses to emerging domestic challenges.

Contrast the first and second New Deals and evaluate the successes and failures of the relief, recovery, and reform measures associated with each.

Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

Decolonization After WWII

Causes of the Great War

Resources and Sustainability

National Sovereignty After Imperialism

Historical Thinking

The Global Economy

Historical Thinking

Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

Change, Continuity, and Context

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Effects of Global Exploration

Spread of Culture and Ideas

Change, Continuity, and Context

Causes of Imperialism

Perspectives

The First Global Age. Time Period: 1450 CE–1750 CE

An Age of Revolutions. Time Period: 1750 CE–1900 CE

Post-Classical Societies and Trade Networks. Time Period: 600 CE-–1450 CE

Types of Imperialism

Characteristics of Mesoamerican Empires

United Nations Influence

Cold War Global Conflicts

Perspectives

Decision‐Making and Personal Finance

Effects of Imperialism

Change, Continuity, and Context

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Feudal Hierarchies

Action for Independence

Interwar Economics

Characteristics of African Empires and Kingdoms

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Cold War Era. Time Period: 1945 CE–1991 C

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Aftermath of World War II

Causes of Exploration

Resistance and Revolution

Change, Continuity, and Context

Historical Thinking

Revolutions

European Feudalism

Economic Motives of Imperialism

Era of Globalization. Time Period: 1991 CE–Future

The Global Economy

Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movement

Change, Continuity, and Context

Trade Networks

Change, Continuity, and Context

Historical Thinking

Columbian Exchange and Consequences

Historical Thinking

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Historical Thinking

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

The Global Economy

Political Philosophies

Globalization

Change, Continuity, and Context

Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns

Historical Thinking

Social Reform Movements

Change, Continuity, and Context

Post‐WWI Period

Perspectives

The Global Economy

Global Human Rights

Atlantic Slave Trading

Emergence of Modern Global Conflict. Time Period: 1900 CE–1945 CE

Scientific Revolution

Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

Perspectives

Holocaust and Genocide

Historical Thinking

Describe the distribution of resources among classes in the feudal hierarchies of European and Asian societies.

Describe how trade networks and the transfer of goods and ideas linked post‐classical societies.

Compare cultural and technological innovations of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations.

Analyze cultural diffusion and trade among African empires and kingdoms.

Explain how the transfer of goods and ideas along trade routes affected ideas and cultures of different people in post‐classical societies.

Explain how the fall of the Roman Empire led to the emergence of European feudalism.

Evaluate the impact of the Columbian Exchange of food and other items between Europe and the Americas.

Assess the effects of the Atlantic slave trade, including its economic, social, and political effects on the African communities of origin.

Explain how the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation motivated exploration and conquest.

Analyze the political and economic impacts of European expeditions in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Use primary and secondary sources to explain the economic motives of the British and Dutch empires in the conquest of India and Southeast Asia and the impacts on the people who lived there.

Use a variety of evidence, including quantitative data, to assess the impact of colonial rule in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia/Oceania.

Cite and compare methods of imperialism during the late 1800s in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Explain how social changes and technological innovations in Britain led to the rise and spread of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s.

Compare the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Explain the positive and negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution in the Americas, Asia, and Africa.

Construct an argument explaining the most important motives that drove European and Japanese imperialism.

Explain the impact of the Scientific Revolution on the rise of the Enlightenment.

Compare the motives and effects of social reform movements in the 19th century.

Explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced the political philosophies about who should govern and how.

Make evidence‐based inferences concerning the economic effects of WWI on various geographic regions.

Use case studies to identify the reach and causes of the rise of totalitarian regimes during the post‐ WWI period.

Analyze primary and secondary sources to explain the significance of the Holocaust and other atrocities in WWII and subsequent war crime tribunals.

Explain the short‐ and long‐term causes and consequences of World War I (WWI).

Analyze how the Cold War led to global conflict.

Analyze the impacts of nationalist revolutionary leaders and movements on achieving independence.

Examine patterns of resistance and revolution after WWII.

Analyze the role of the United Nations in state‐building and negotiation of conflicts after WWII.

Use case studies to examine the creation, challenges, and conflicts related to nation building and national sovereignty.

Analyze the causes and effects of decolonization after WWII.

Analyze the economic, political, and military power shifts that followed WWII.

Assess proposed solutions to past and ongoing human rights violations.

Use case studies to assess the economic impacts of globalization on the regional, national, and international scales.

Analyze the factors affecting climate change and global sustainability.